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Treated Water Consumption by User Lost 77% 12% ntial 0 imercial 31% ^ Currently, about 87 percent of water plants have some excess t~eatment capacity. ^ System owners have identified $2.84 billion in needed capital expenditures by 2010 and an additional $4.80 billion in the succeeding 20 years, or a total of $7.64 billion in a 25-year period. These improvements are required to serve expected grow~th, correct e~sting problems and meet new drinking water standards. Sewer systems Definition: A system may include wastewater treatment and wllection oi collection only. In the latter case, the community contracts with a neighboring system to handle sewage treatme~t, but this pracrice is far less common for sewage than for watec systems. Major considerations: Since the Clean Water Ad was first adopted in 1972, the fedecal govemment has taken an active role in defining wastewater treatment requirements. The purpose is to prevent excessive iwtrients, harmfid chemicals and other pollutants from entering the natiods surface waters and threatening human and environmental health. In North Carolina, these rules are enforced by the state. In recent years, North Carolina has adopted additional nutrient requirements for the Neuse and Pamlico-Tar river basins in response to specific water qua6ty problems in those rivers and their estuaries. At a glance ^ 77~e Water 2030 survey identified 409 public sewer systems. ^ The overwhelming majority (86 percent) are owned and operated by incorporated mun3dpalities. ^ These systems serve some 4.4 million people, or roughly 51 percent of tl~e total population in 2005. ^ The number of people served by these systems is expected to grow by 2.9 percent annually at least through 2010. This is greater than the grorvth rate for water systems and nearly double the rate of overall population growth. ~-~1 ~